Friday, December 27, 2019

Policing the Lives of Black and Latino Boys by Victor Rios Free Essay Example, 1250 words

A concept which Victor Rios uses in his book Punished: Policing the Lives of Black and Latino Boys , is the paradox of control; there were many police officers who knew that these boys are poor and traumatized, however, their priority was more about upholding the law and maintaining order. The police officers took measures, which were extreme in nature when it came to the deviant youth. Rios's determination to seek a Ph. D. degree and then teach stemmed from his best friend, Simley s death. The following quote explains how sociology plays a part in the life of these boys: Smiley s death and my negative interactions with police forced me to reflect on the larger picture of youth violence and criminalization in Oakland. Without knowing it at the time, I began to develop a sociological imagination. I began to realize that in order to understand my personal predicament; I needed to find out how youth and police violence became so prevalent in my community. Macro sociology is the study based on a large scale, whereas micro is the study of individuals, as in what they say and do on a daily basis. We will write a custom essay sample on Policing the Lives of Black and Latino Boys by Victor Rios or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page

Thursday, December 19, 2019

Biological and Classical School - 1265 Words

Introduction The Classical School of criminology emerged during the eighteenth century after the European Enlightenment period. It was during this time that law enforcement and laws were disparate and unjust and punishment was brutal. Members of the Classical School would demand justice that based on equality and human punishment that was appropriate for the offense. According to Williams and McShane 2009, the Classical School was uninterested in studying the criminal per se; it gained its association with criminology through its focus on lawmaking and legal processing. The Positive School of criminology focused on explaining and understanding social behavior of criminals. The members of this school used the approach to the study of†¦show more content†¦With the biosocial theory, the biological characteristic of an individual is only one part in the equation of behavior. The other components are physical and social environment. Mednick thought that individuals should lea rn from his or her family and with peer groups to learn how to control the urge for criminal behavior and living an antisocial life. C. R. Jeffery stated in his book Advances in Criminological theory that the perspective of the biosocial theory is that sociological, psychological, and biological characteristics should be seen as interacting together in a systems model to produce criminal behavior. According to Schmalleger 2006, the Positive School is built-upon two principles. The first principles is that the belief that human behavior is determined not by the exercise of free choice but by the causative factors beyond the control of the individual. The second principle is that the application of scientific techniques to the study of crime and criminology. The Positive School believes that humans live in a world in which cause and effect operate, and social problems can be remedied by means of a systematic study of human behavior (Williams McShane, 2009). Members of this school believe that punishment should be for treatment and not punishment. Positivism attempts to explain the cause of crime and offers a basis for rehabilitating criminals and using the indeterminateShow MoreRelatedBiological Explanations of Criminal Behavior1430 Words   |  6 PagesBiological Explanations of Criminal Behavior Nature and nurture contribute to the way a person behaves. This can be applied to the behaviors of criminals. According to Fishbein (1990, pg.37), â€Å"behavior [is] primarily attributed to inherited predispositions and genetic influences.† Nurture is the environmental influence that shape human behavior (Fishbein, 1990, pg.37). Human genetics and environmental factors contribute to the uniqueness to a person’s behavior. However, there are underlyingRead MoreRational Choice Theory: Criminology901 Words   |  4 Pagesdetermining the origin of criminal acts are: Classical and Neoclassical; Biological; Psychobiological; Sociological; Social Process; Conflict; and Emergent. The concept of choice plays a different role under each of these theories. In some, individual choice plays a dominant role, while in others, individual choice is marginalized. The theoretical model in which choice theory plays its largest role is the Neoclassical, a development of the earlier C lassical School, itself originated in the 18th centuryRead MoreThe Classical School And The Positivist School881 Words   |  4 Pagestwo schools of criminology, which respectively are the classical school and the positivist school. I will begin by comparing and contrasting the historical background of both schools using the founders of each school. I will then continue the paper by comparing their assumptions, their findings and their key policy implications. I will do this by explaining each school’s purpose and goal. I will then argue and explain how the classical school is respectively stronger than the positivist school forRead MoreThe Problem Of Criminal Justice System882 Words   |  4 Pages There are many ideas and schools of thought that surround the idea of criminal justice. Initially the main goals of these schools of thought were to classify and punish crimes, however in the recent past we are seeing a shift toward the deterrence and prevention of crime. Early classical, biological, and psychological theories helped shape what is today’s criminal justice system. One of the earliest theories that attempted to explain the cause of crime is classical theory. In 1764, Cesare BeccariaRead MoreA Study on Operant and Classical Conditioning1477 Words   |  6 PagesOperant and Classical Conditioning Classical conditioning best explains reflective responding that is largely controlled by stimuli preceding the response, while operant conditioning is the kind of learning influenced by stimulus events that follow the responses. (Weiten). In operant conditioning, reinforcement is defined as after the fact. Reinforcement follows a response and increases tendency to make the response. In classical conditioning, the reinforcement comes before the response is madeRead MoreThe Classical School Of Criminology1216 Words   |  5 Pagesmost famous schools of that are Classical Theory and Biological/Positivist Theory. These theories contain insights to why people commit crimes and the most effective way to deal with these individuals and eventually reduce the crime rate. This paper will discuss how these schools of thought compare to each other, the Christian Worldview and to United States current criminal justice system. The first step to compare these theories is to better understand them. The Classical School of CriminologyRead MoreThe Classical School Of Criminology1327 Words   |  6 Pagesfamous schools of thought are Classical Theory and Biological/Positivist Theory. These theories contain insights into why people commit crimes and the most effective way to deal with these individuals and eventually reduce the crime rate. This paper will discuss how these schools of thought compare to each other, the Christian Worldview and to United States current criminal justice system. The first step to compare these theories is to develop an understanding of them. The Classical School of CriminologyRead MoreThe Classical School Of Criminology776 Words   |  4 PagesCh3 q1. The major principles in the classical school of criminology include as a being, one makes fundamentally sane decisions, and those decisions come from liberated will that is accompanied with coherent choosing. Another standard is painfulness and happiness, which are used as determining factors of human conduct. As a deterrent, violations of the law set the standard for the rest of society to abide by. Ones principles of acceptance and non-acceptance are inherent in our lives, in which it cannotRead MoreClassical and Positive School of Criminology Essay1020 Words   |  5 PagesThe Classical School of Criminology and the Positive School of Criminology are two of the main theories that try and explain the behavior of delinquents. The Classical School of Criminology was developed in the late 1 700s by Cesare Beccaria. Classical theorists were trying to decrease punishment and obtain equal justice for all. According to Beccaria and Jeremy Bantham, and English philospther, human nature is characterized by three central features: 1) People are not bound by original sinRead MoreThe Process of Conditioning963 Words   |  4 Pagesconditioning. According to Weiten (2008), conditioning involves learning associations between events that occur in an organism’s environment (p. 169). Although psychology has a grasp on how we learn through classical and operant conditioning, it is impaired by biological constraints. Classical conditioning, also referred to as Pavlovian conditioning (Weiten, 2008), was discovered by a Russian physiologist, Ivan Pavlov. This form of learning presents how an unconditioned stimulus (UCS), or a neutral

Wednesday, December 11, 2019

Choose a scene in Blood Brothers Essay Example For Students

Choose a scene in Blood Brothers Essay Blood Brothers was written by Willy Russell, Willy was born in Whiston on the outskirts of Liverpool in 1947. The play Blood Brothers was first performed in a secondary school in Fazakerly, a suburb of Liverpool in 1982. On the first night it was performed in front of four hundred pupils, there were minimal props, scenery and music, but over the years it has been developed onto Broadway in 1993. It ahs been translated into at least ten different languages and is performed regularly all over the world. The play is set throughout the 60s, 70s and 80s with the main themes brought out at the end, which is set in the 80s. Russells intentions in the play were to show the division of class between the Lyons and the Johnstone family by the use of language, music and the way the actors and actresses portray themselves on stage. The play was written during the recession in the 80s, the times are very clearly reflected in the play and so is the outcry against Thatcherism, because the Prime Minister at the time Margaret Thatcher caused poverty for the working classes by closing the factories, coal mines and steel works. Writers such as Osborn and Delaney, who wrote Novels like Look Back in Anger and A Taste of Honey. These two writers had similar writing techniques to Willy, they always used themes of poverty in the North. Willy also wrote plays such as Our Day Out, Educating Rita, and one of his most well know plays that was turned into a T.V series Shirley Valentine. Blood Brothers is about two very different families, the Johnstones and the Lyons. The two families have only one thing in common. Mrs Johnstone is poor with too many children that she can handle; she then finds out she is expecting twins. Mrs Lyons has lots of money but no children and she really wants a child, Mrs Johnston cleans in Mrs Lyons house and when she tells Mrs Lyons she is pregnant. She asks to keep one of her babies, after a lot of persuading Mrs Johnstone gives in and the two brothers Mickey and Eddie grow up and become friends in ignorance of their fraternity. As they get older they drift apart as the class and money issue becomes more apparent between the two. Until one day the inevitable quarrel unleashes a blood bath. They play both starts and ends with the death of the two brothers who only find out the truth on the day of the joint death. The scene I am going to study is the last scene in the play where Mickey and Eddie die. In this scene the main characters Mickey, Eddie, Mrs Johnstone, Linda and two policemen. The themes in this scene are class, love, family, rivalry, violence and superstition. The most dominant theme is class, this becomes apparent because Mickey gets frustrated and jealous of the lifestyle of his rich friend, who then Mickey finds out is his twin which fuels anger inside him because he could have had the lifestyle Eddie had. This influences Mickey to pull the trigger on Eddie at the end. Mickeys last line of the play is I could have been him! Violence is another theme, which starts quite early in the play when the twins are little and they used to play in the street, they would sing things like I got y, I shot y an y bloody know I did. Even when they were young they used bad language influencing violence, it was always Mickey who was the ring leader of the two and Eddie just wanted to be like Mickey, but as the grow older and mature it becomes the other way around. Superstition is another strong theme and at the end of the play the Narrator gives us a choice: do we blame superstition or class? Throughout the play he constantly draws our attention to superstition, there are lots of times in the play when rhymes and riddles are used to portray this, one of them being: .u2f44b9173c9de7048664e5c49ac7ffba , .u2f44b9173c9de7048664e5c49ac7ffba .postImageUrl , .u2f44b9173c9de7048664e5c49ac7ffba .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2f44b9173c9de7048664e5c49ac7ffba , .u2f44b9173c9de7048664e5c49ac7ffba:hover , .u2f44b9173c9de7048664e5c49ac7ffba:visited , .u2f44b9173c9de7048664e5c49ac7ffba:active { border:0!important; } .u2f44b9173c9de7048664e5c49ac7ffba .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2f44b9173c9de7048664e5c49ac7ffba { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2f44b9173c9de7048664e5c49ac7ffba:active , .u2f44b9173c9de7048664e5c49ac7ffba:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2f44b9173c9de7048664e5c49ac7ffba .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2f44b9173c9de7048664e5c49ac7ffba .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2f44b9173c9de7048664e5c49ac7ffba .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2f44b9173c9de7048664e5c49ac7ffba .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2f44b9173c9de7048664e5c49ac7ffba:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2f44b9173c9de7048664e5c49ac7ffba .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2f44b9173c9de7048664e5c49ac7ffba .u2f44b9173c9de7048664e5c49ac7ffba-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2f44b9173c9de7048664e5c49ac7ffba:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The poem reflects EssayTheres shoes upon the table an a joker in the pack,  The salts been spilled and a looking glass cracked,  Theres one lone magpie overhead.  Just before we see Eddie the Narrator portrays the future with a rhyme saying,  Theres a mad man running round and round  You know the devils got your number  You know hes right beside you  Hes screamin deep inside you  And someone said hes callin your number up today  Today  Today  TODAY!  The Narrator draws our attention to the future a lot during the play to make us think about what will happen later on as the play continues.

Tuesday, December 3, 2019

World War 2 In The Mid-90s Drew A Hard Blow And Left A Serious Essays

World War 2 in the mid-90's drew a hard blow and left a serious and lasting effect to many Asian countries. This however, did not hamper the growth of countries such as China, Japan and Vietnam as their government were taking serious steps to recover economically. Thus, the global market cannot deny a place for these 'Asian Dragons', because these countries are growing at a tremendous pace to the extent of being capable in emerging as global market leaders. China's capitalism and boom was born when their president, Deng Xiaoping permitted the provinces to dismantle their communes and collective farms. This led China to venture into free-market economics, although they were still under the communist political system. When President Deng announced that they needed Western money and expertise, China flung their trade doors wide open and China went on a capitalist drive without ever looking back. By mid 1960's, the Chinese Revolution settled down to the job of ruling China. Its main goal was essentially nationalist: a prosperous modern economy. While there continued to exist substantially economic inequalities, distribution of wealth was probably a bit more equal than in most Western countries. ( Moise 171 ) While there were great variations in income between different villages, and between different jobs in the urban sector, the overall averages showed a clear pattern: the cities were much richer than the countryside. Most capital investments were going into urban industries. The urban workers, using considerable amount of heavy machinery, had a much higher average level of productivity compared to the rural workers. The natural consequences was for the city people to arrange themselves an average income level twice as high as that of the people in the countryside. The most obvious way to attack this poverty problem was to increase production, in all sectors of the economy. Though the easiest way to increase production was to increase capital inputs, China could only afford a limited amount of capital construction. In accordance to this, China went on a construction binge. Whole factories were purchased from abroad while others were built with local resources. By 1978, the frenzy for new projects reached a level that reminded some people of the Great Leap Forward. In an effort to promote agricultural production, the government released many of the restrictions on the'spontaneous capitalist tendencies' of the peasantry. (173) In the late 1980's, the government decided to expand the scope of private marketing. Then the next step was to increase the amount land assigned to the peasants. The peasants were now not responsible to the government for the use they made to the private plots. They simply could grow what the wished, for the sale to the government or to private markets. This led to furious rebuilding and inflow of foreign investments. All this enabled China to remake itself into Asian's hub of finance, trade and culture. By 1984, they were producing more than $1 million worth of rice and a range of side products, including rice wine. Their residential earning was up to about $200 a year. ( Prager 52 ) This meant that they could begin replacing their mud-and-straw hats with solid brick houses. Shanghai today is a vast construction site with more than 20,000 projects, with 27,000 companies building bridges, tunnels, flyovers, ring roads, hotels, villas, golf courses and also public housing. This sparked national growth of about 10% a year.( 53 ) The Chinese now are going home with fat wallets, stocks, bonds and large bank accounts. Banks are reporting that savings have increased sixty-fold and is still growing. This has led China to join the world economic community and has become the globe's third largest economy. China is now ranked 11th in the world in exports of trade goods. (54) Of the coast of China, there was another growing country. Japan recovered tremendously well after the bombing of Hiroshima in World War 2. Under post war conservative governments, Japan made a remarkable economic recovery. American aid of $2 billion gave an initial boost and then the Korean War acted as a further stimulant by creating a demand for military hardware. (Rich 191) By the early 1970's, Japan was the world's third biggest steel producer, one of the biggest ship builders, and ranked very high as a manufacturer of general engineering and chemical goods. Japan's motorcycles were winning import races in Europe, and Japanese cameras, transistor radios, cars, sewing machines, TV sets and optical goods competed successfully in the global market. Japan's economy is second only to the U.S in absolute terms with a G.D.P of $3,385 billion dollars. By 1987, the Japanese were richer than the